LEUKEMIA
Leukemia, a form of cancer impacting blood-forming tissues like bone marrow and the lymphatic system, manifests in various types affecting individuals across all age groups. Typically affecting white blood cells, leukemia prompts the production of abnormal white blood cells that fail to function properly. Treatment for leukemia can be intricate and tailored depending on the specific type and individual circumstances. Nonetheless, there are strategies and support systems available to enhance treatment effectiveness.
Symptoms:
Leukemia symptoms vary based on the leukemia type. Common indications include:
- Fever or chills
- Persistent fatigue and weakness
- Frequent or severe infections
- Unexplained weight loss
- Enlarged lymph nodes, liver, or spleen
- Easy bruising or bleeding
- Recurring nosebleeds
- Small red spots on the skin (petechiae)
- Night sweats
- Bone pain or tenderness
Classification of Leukemia:
Leukemia is classified based on its progression rate and the type of cells affected.
1. Speed of Progression:
- Acute Leukemia: Characterized by the rapid multiplication of immature blood cells (blasts), leading to swift disease progression. Prompt and aggressive treatment is necessary.
- Chronic Leukemia: Involves more mature blood cells, which replicate or accumulate slowly. Some forms may present no early symptoms and can remain undiagnosed for an extended period.
2. Type of White Blood Cell Affected:
- Lymphocytic Leukemia: Affects lymphoid cells responsible for forming lymphatic tissue, a crucial component of the immune system.
- Myelogenous Leukemia: Targets myeloid cells, which give rise to red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Types of Leukemia:
Major types of leukemia include:
- Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL): Predominant in young children but can occur in adults as well.
- Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML): Common in both children and adults, particularly in the latter group.
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Typically asymptomatic for years in adults without requiring immediate treatment.
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML): Primarily affects adults, often characterized by an extended asymptomatic phase followed by accelerated growth of leukemia cells.
- Other Types: This category encompasses rarer forms like hairy cell leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative disorders.
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